The corrosive spray of a black dragon's breath and the dissolving enzymes secreted by a black pudding deal acid damage.
Blunt force attacks, falling, constriction, and the like deal bludgeoning damage.
The infernal chill radiating from an ice devil's spear and the frigid blast of a white dragon's breath deal cold damage.
Red dragons breathe fire, and many spells conjure flames to deal fire damage.
Force is pure magical energy focused into a damaging form. Most effects that deal force damage are spells, including magic missile and spiritual weapon.
A lightning bolt spell and a blue dragon's breath deal lightning damage.
Necrotic damage, dealt by certain undead and a spell such as chill touch, withers matter and even the soul.
Puncturing and impaling attacks, including spears and monsters' bites, deal piercing damage.
Venomous stings and the toxic gas of a green dragon's breath deal poison damage.
Mental abilities such as a psionic blast deal psychic damage.
Radiant damage, dealt by a cleric's flame strike spell or an angel's smiting weapon, sears the flesh like fire and overloads the spirit with power.
Swords, axes, and monsters' claws deal slashing damage.
A concussive burst of sound, such as the effect of the thunderwave spell, deals thunder damage.